Fender Texas Special SSS Pre-wired Stratocaster Pickguard – Tortoise Shell 0992342500

Fender Texas Special SSS Pre-wired Stratocaster Pickguard – Tortoise Shell 0992342500

Description Customize your tone with the Pre-Wired Stratocaster pickguards. Made with premium components in the...
Kala KA-KCGE-C Concert Acoustic/Electric Uke Gloss Koa

Kala KA-KCGE-C Concert Acoustic/Electric Uke Gloss Koa

The Hawaiian Koa Gloss line is built from Hawaiian Koa, the most traditional of ukulele...
Vox V847A Wah-Wah Pedal

Vox V847A Wah-Wah Pedal

The V847A Wah-Wah pedal is an enhanced version of the most famous guitar effects pedal...
Seymour Duncan SDP-250 250K Potentiometer

Seymour Duncan SDP-250 250K Potentiometer

High quality 250k Ohm audio taper potentiometer with smooth taper and feel. Description Custom-crafted by...
Squier Affinity Series Stratocaster Electric Guitar Black

Squier Affinity Series Stratocaster Electric Guitar Black

A superb gateway into the time-honored Fender® family, the Squier® Affinity Series™ Stratocaster® delivers legendary...
Yamaha HS7 White Powered Studio Monitor

Yamaha HS7 White Powered Studio Monitor

2-way bass-reflex bi-amplified nearfield studio monitor with 6.5" cone woofer and 1" dome tweeter. 2-way...
Schecter C-1 Hellriser – Black Cherry Price $699.99

Schecter C-1 Hellriser – Black Cherry Price $699.99

Schecter C-1 Hellriser - Black Cherry This guitar is really clean with minimal cosmetic damage....
Yamaha FG820 Folk Acoustic Guitar Brand New $289.99 + $39.99 Shipping

Yamaha FG820 Folk Acoustic Guitar Brand New $289.99 + $39.99 Shipping

The FG has louder and stronger sound in the low- to mid-ranges, thanks to cutting-edge...
Boss RC-5 Loop Station Red

Boss RC-5 Loop Station Red

Brand New Boss RC-5 Looper Pedal Standard Features Advanced BOSS looping features in a compact...
Behringer DR400 Digital Reverb Delay Pedal 2010s – Standard Price $59.99

Behringer DR400 Digital Reverb Delay Pedal 2010s – Standard Price $59.99

Behringer DR400 Digital Reverb Delay Pedal 2010s - Standard This pedal has been tested and...
Zildjian A0801R A Series Rock Box Set 14/17/19/20″ Cymbal Pack Traditional

Zildjian A0801R A Series Rock Box Set 14/17/19/20″ Cymbal Pack Traditional

Join the greatest legacy in music by playing drums loud and hard with the Zildjian...
Mackie MBD-1A Active Direct Box Black

Mackie MBD-1A Active Direct Box Black

Great for active instruments like guitars and basses with active pickups and preamps, the MDB-1A...
D’Addario XL Bass Nickel Round Wound Long Scale Bass Strings

D’Addario XL Bass Nickel Round Wound Long Scale Bass Strings

D’Addario EXL220 offers more flexibility for players than a standard bass set while still maintaining...

JHS 3 Series Chorus White

The JHS Pedals 3 Series is a collection of pedals designed to give you affordability...
Korg 168RC SoundLink DRS Recording Console

Korg 168RC SoundLink DRS Recording Console

Unit has not been tested, however I was told by the original owner that it...
Seymour Duncan SPB-4 Steve Harris Signature P-Bass Pickup

Seymour Duncan SPB-4 Steve Harris Signature P-Bass Pickup

Delivers a forceful sound with pushed midrange but tight bass and treble response. The SPB-4...
Kala UBASS-JYMN-BK-FS Journeyman U-Bass with F-Holes and Electronics 2018 – Black Price $359

Kala UBASS-JYMN-BK-FS Journeyman U-Bass with F-Holes and Electronics 2018 – Black Price $359

Kala UBASS-JYMN-BK-FS Journeyman U-Bass with F-Holes and Electronics 2018 - Black Offered in a sleek matte...
Seagull Guitars Artist Mosaic EQ Acoustic-Electric Guitar Natural with Gig Bag

Seagull Guitars Artist Mosaic EQ Acoustic-Electric Guitar Natural with Gig Bag

The Artist Mosiac EQ acoustic-electric is yet another beautifully designed instrument from Seagull Guitars. The...
Boss DS-1 Distortion (Silver Label)

Boss DS-1 Distortion (Silver Label)

THE BENCHMARK IN GUITAR DISTORTION The DS-1 Distortion is a true icon in the world...
Finger Ease Lubricant

Finger Ease Lubricant

Fingerease Guitar String Lubricant eliminates drag from strings and back of neck. Gives your guitar...
Jordan Model 600 Creator Volume/Sustain Black And Red Price $549.99

Jordan Model 600 Creator Volume/Sustain Black And Red Price $549.99

Jordan Model 600 Creator Volume/Sustain Black And Red This vintage Jordan Creator volume/sustainer has been...
Shure MV7, Dynamic USB Podcast Microphone Silver, Brand New, $249.99, + $19.99 Shipping

Shure MV7, Dynamic USB Podcast Microphone Silver, Brand New, $249.99, + $19.99 Shipping

Inspired by the legendary SM7B, the MV7 is a dynamic microphone with both USB and...
AllParts Grover Tuners 6-in-Line Mini Black TK7921003

AllParts Grover Tuners 6-in-Line Mini Black TK7921003

AllParts Grover Tuners 6-in-Line Mini Black
Shubb Capo12-String Guitar C3

Shubb Capo12-String Guitar C3

Standard Shubb Capo in polished nickel finish. The choice of millions of musicians worldwide, now...
Blackstar Fly 3 Sugar Skull Limited Edition 2-Channel 3-Watt 1×3″ Bluetooth Portable Guitar Amp 2020 – Black with Red Grille Price $74.99

Blackstar Fly 3 Sugar Skull Limited Edition 2-Channel 3-Watt 1×3″ Bluetooth Portable Guitar Amp 2020 – Black with Red Grille Price $74.99

Blackstar Fly 3 Sugar Skull Limited Edition 2-Channel 3-Watt 1x3" Bluetooth Portable Guitar Amp 2020...
Kala U-Bass Nomad Acoustic-Electric Bass Guitar – Natural Satin Brand New $199 + $29.99 Shipping UBASS

Kala U-Bass Nomad Acoustic-Electric Bass Guitar – Natural Satin Brand New $199 + $29.99 Shipping UBASS

The Kala U-Bass Nomad is a value-packed, no-frills acoustic-electric ukulele bass that’s begging for you...

Ozark Jaw Harp singles

Jaw harps sold singles come on a card so they are not individually wrapped or...
Planet Waves Custom Series Instrument Cable 20′ w/ Circuit Break

Planet Waves Custom Series Instrument Cable 20′ w/ Circuit Break

D'Addario Circuit Breaker cables feature an integrated mute switch that prevents loud pops or squeals...
Boss BD-2W Waza Craft Blues Driver BD2W

Boss BD-2W Waza Craft Blues Driver BD2W

Passionately designed by the master engineers at BOSS in Japan, the Waza Craft BD-2W delivers...
PDP PDSS710 700 Series Lightweight Snare Stand

PDP PDSS710 700 Series Lightweight Snare Stand

You don't settle for less than top quality when it comes to your drum kit....
Vic Firth American Classic Hickory Nylon Tip 7A Drumsticks VF7AN

Vic Firth American Classic Hickory Nylon Tip 7A Drumsticks VF7AN

Vic Firth American Classic Hickory Nylon Tip 7A Drumsticks. Nylon tip offers the 7A player...
tambourine 12″ with head extra large

tambourine 12″ with head extra large

Affordable tambourine that makes a perfect rhythm section or a great stocking stuffer.
Grover 6 In Line Chrome Mini 205C6

Grover 6 In Line Chrome Mini 205C6

Mini Rotomatic tuners for exceptional tuning stability and long-term reliability. Mini Rotomatics feature a 14:1...
Martin D-10E 02 Road Series Dreadnought Acoustic-Electric Guitar Natural

Martin D-10E 02 Road Series Dreadnought Acoustic-Electric Guitar Natural

With a Sitka spruce top and sapele back and sides, this solid wood D-10E Road...
Zildjian A Custom 16″ Medium thin Crash

Zildjian A Custom 16″ Medium thin Crash

This Crash is from an open box set at a reduced. It would normally sell...
On-Stage SMS4500-P Desktop Studio Monitor Stands  Pair

On-Stage SMS4500-P Desktop Studio Monitor Stands Pair

Sold as pair Sturdy Black Powder Coated Steel Construction 9" Deep x 12" Wide Platform...
Boss OD-3 Overdrive Like Od1 OD3

Boss OD-3 Overdrive Like Od1 OD3

Built in the tradition of the legendary BOSS overdrives, the OD-3 OverDrive pedal gives guitarists...
Rogers Pagent Model Field Snare Drum 9×14 1950s-60s Mahogany Used – Good $299.99 + $49.99 Shipping

Rogers Pagent Model Field Snare Drum 9×14 1950s-60s Mahogany Used – Good $299.99 + $49.99 Shipping

This older Rogers field snare is from the 1950s or early 60s. Shell size is...
PRG Jumbo Deluxe ABS Guitar Case

PRG Jumbo Deluxe ABS Guitar Case

PRG Jumbo Deluxe ABS Guitar Case fits jumbo body guitars 17 inch wide at bought...

MXR M292 Carbon Copy Deluxe Delay Green Sparkle

This MXR Carbon copy deluxe is in good shape. It has a few scratches on...
Evans G2 Coated Batter Drumhead 13 inch

Evans G2 Coated Batter Drumhead 13 inch

Evans G2 Coated Batter Drumhead Evans™ G2™ tom batter heads feature two plies of 7mil...
Ernie Ball 7-String Regular Slinky Nickel Wound Set 2621

Ernie Ball 7-String Regular Slinky Nickel Wound Set 2621

Details Regular Slinky Electric Strings are Ernie Ball's top-selling set and are favored by many...
Electro-Harmonix B9 Organ Machine Effects Pedal

Electro-Harmonix B9 Organ Machine Effects Pedal

With 9 presets that were finely tuned to emulate the most legendary organs from the...
Earthquaker Devices Palisades Distortion Pedal

Earthquaker Devices Palisades Distortion Pedal

The Palisades is something we said we would never do… an overdrive based on the...
Remo 22″ Ebony 22″ Bass Drum

Remo 22″ Ebony 22″ Bass Drum

Remo 22" Ebony 22" Bass Drum Remo Ebony Ambassador Drumhead Drumheads Ambassador? Ebony? The Ambassador?...
Fender 30th Anniversary Screamadelica Stratocaster 0141063350

Fender 30th Anniversary Screamadelica Stratocaster 0141063350

Primal Scream’s 1991 breakthrough album “Screamadelica” featured a fresh blend of indie-rock songwriting and acid...
Remo 20″ Control Sound 20″ Black Dot Bass Dr

Remo 20″ Control Sound 20″ Black Dot Bass Dr

Remo 20" Control Sound 20" Black Dot Bass Drum Controlled Sound? Clear Black Dot? The...
On-Stage 5A drum sticks bundle 12 pair

On-Stage 5A drum sticks bundle 12 pair

Maple Wood, Wood Tip Stronger, straighter and last longer Air kiln dried Brick of 12...
J.N Guitars Cask Firkcole Cigar Box Guitar – Black Price $199.99

J.N Guitars Cask Firkcole Cigar Box Guitar – Black Price $199.99

J.N Guitars Cask Firkcole Cigar Box Guitar - Black For whisky makers, choosing a cask...
NuX MG-300 Modling Guitar Processor muli effect pdel

NuX MG-300 Modling Guitar Processor muli effect pdel

NUX is well-known for Impulse Response technology. Using IR is the most popular way to...
Fender ’68 Custom Pro Reverb 1×12″ 40-watt Tube Combo Amp 2278000000

Fender ’68 Custom Pro Reverb 1×12″ 40-watt Tube Combo Amp 2278000000

Description The ‘68 Customs have become an extremely popular amp series for guitarists who love...
Fender Deluxe Molded Strat/Tele Case – Silver with Blue Interior 0996102324

Fender Deluxe Molded Strat/Tele Case – Silver with Blue Interior 0996102324

Sleek and stylish, the Inca Silver Deluxe Molded Case with Lake Placid Blue interior to...
Schecter Cheech & Chong 2014 White Used – Very Good $1,420 + $75 Shipping

Schecter Cheech & Chong 2014 White Used – Very Good $1,420 + $75 Shipping

This HIGHLY collectable Cheech & Chong guitar by Schecter is in great playing condition. It...
Fender Standard Precision Bass Alder Body Arctic White

Fender Standard Precision Bass Alder Body Arctic White

Crafted at Fender's Ensenada, Mexico, manufacturing facility, this genuine Fender Precision Bass guitar body is...
Blaxx Flanger Effects Pedal BX-FLANGER

Blaxx Flanger Effects Pedal BX-FLANGER

Housing: Die-cast metal Foot switch: True bypass Controls: Rate, range and colour Mode switch: Filter...
Chromatic Pitch Pipe Economy c to c 13 note

Chromatic Pitch Pipe Economy c to c 13 note

Chromatic Pitch Pipe Economy model brand may vary 13 note c to c
Fender Telecaster Body (Vintage Bridge) Olympic White

Fender Telecaster Body (Vintage Bridge) Olympic White

Fender Telecaster Body (Vintage Bridge) Olympic White
Gretsch G2210 Streamliner Junior Jet Club – Gunmetal Price $349.99

Gretsch G2210 Streamliner Junior Jet Club – Gunmetal Price $349.99

Gretsch G2210 Streamliner Junior Jet Club - Gunmetal An exciting new addition to the Streamliner™...
Gator GC Molded ABS Trumpet Case

Gator GC Molded ABS Trumpet Case

The Gator ABS trumpet case is made to meet requirements of the professional and student...
World Tour Deluxe Drum Throne

World Tour Deluxe Drum Throne

World Tour Deluxe Drum Throne
Evans Hydraulic Glass Drumhead 16 inch

Evans Hydraulic Glass Drumhead 16 inch

Evans Hydraulic Glass Drumhead 16 inch Evans Hydraulics drumheads feature two plies that sandwich a...
Allparts Kluson Vintage Style 6 in line Gold Tuners TK0780-002

Allparts Kluson Vintage Style 6 in line Gold Tuners TK0780-002

Allparts Kluson Vintage Style 6 in line Gold Tuners TK0780-002 Tuning Keys Economy Vintage Style...
Stagg ABS Case for Guitar Effect Pedals – UPC-500 Price $97.99

Stagg ABS Case for Guitar Effect Pedals – UPC-500 Price $97.99

Stagg ABS Case for Guitar Effect Pedals - UPC-500 ABS case for guitar effect pedals...
Electro-Harmonix The Silencer Noise Gate / Effects Loop Pedal Brand New

Electro-Harmonix The Silencer Noise Gate / Effects Loop Pedal Brand New

A sophisticated noise gate that can tame a single pedal or an entire effects loop!...
Repairs Band instruments, Guitars repair

Repairs Band instruments, Guitars repair

Victor Litz Music Repairs Band and Orchestral Instruments, Guitars, Basses and Much More! CLICK HERE...
Vic Firth Steve Gadd Wood Tip Signature Drumsticks VFSSG

Vic Firth Steve Gadd Wood Tip Signature Drumsticks VFSSG

Barrel tip for a great recording sound. Available in wood or nylon tip. Limited Edition...
Boss AB-2 2-Way Selector Pedal AB2

Boss AB-2 2-Way Selector Pedal AB2

The BOSS AB-2 is a 2-way selector that makes changing inputs or outputs easy. One...
Ovation Premium Ball Glove Leather Brown Strap 9136-7k

Ovation Premium Ball Glove Leather Brown Strap 9136-7k

Premium Ball Glove Leather Strap Our best leather, this premium ball glove leather is flawlessly...
Gibson Humbucking pickup – Black Price $75

Gibson Humbucking pickup – Black Price $75

Gibson Humbucking pickup - Black Used Gibson humbucking pickup
On-Stage HA4000 Pro 4-Channel Headphone Amp

On-Stage HA4000 Pro 4-Channel Headphone Amp

With the HA4000 4-Channel Headphone Amplifier, up to four people can listen to a recorded...
Hodge Alto Sax Silk Swab

Hodge Alto Sax Silk Swab

Hodge Alto Sax Silk Swab Silk swab (no cotton to get inside instrument) Standard pull...
Electro-Harmonix Germanium 4 Big Muff Pi Overdrive & Distortion 2010 – Present – Tan Price $126.80

Electro-Harmonix Germanium 4 Big Muff Pi Overdrive & Distortion 2010 – Present – Tan Price $126.80

Electro-Harmonix Germanium 4 Big Muff Pi Overdrive & Distortion 2010 - Present - Tan Electro-Harmonix...
Vic Firth American Classic Hickory Wood Tip Drumsticks VF2B

Vic Firth American Classic Hickory Wood Tip Drumsticks VF2B

Vic Firth American Classic Hickory Wood Tip Drumsticks. Ideal for heavy rock, band and practice. Plenty...
DR Tite-Fit Nickel Plated,Round Core Electric Guitar Strings

DR Tite-Fit Nickel Plated,Round Core Electric Guitar Strings

Tite-Fit roundwound nickel-plated electric guitar strings are designed to be great all-around strings. Based on...
Kala Rumbler Mahogany Acoustic-Electric U•BASS UBASS-RMBL-FS – Mahogany Price $389

Kala Rumbler Mahogany Acoustic-Electric U•BASS UBASS-RMBL-FS – Mahogany Price $389

Kala Rumbler Mahogany Acoustic-Electric U•BASS UBASS-RMBL-FS - Mahogany The Kala Rumbler is one of the...
Dampit Guitar DPGS

Dampit Guitar DPGS

Dampit Guitar. The dampit keeps your guitar safe from cracking and drying.
Daddario Baritone String Set Medium

Daddario Baritone String Set Medium

EXL157's are designed for traditional long scale electric baritone guitars, such as B tuned Danelectros....
Yamaha Cello Braviol 4/4 Outfit

Yamaha Cello Braviol 4/4 Outfit

Fully hand-carved, the AVC5's Spruce top, Maple neck, back & sides are seasoned & aged...
Evans 18″ Emad Batter Bass DrumHead

Evans 18″ Emad Batter Bass DrumHead

Evans 18" Emad Batter Bass DrumHead Evans™ EMAD™ series features a single ply of 10mil...
Ampeg Rocket Bass RB-110 50W 1×10″ Bass Combo Amp Brand New $279.99 + $49 Shipping

Ampeg Rocket Bass RB-110 50W 1×10″ Bass Combo Amp Brand New $279.99 + $49 Shipping

The Ampeg® Rocket Bass® RB-110 combo bass amp offers unparalleled performance, stunning ’60s-style looks, and...
JHS Legends of Fuzz Mary-K Fuzz Price $179

JHS Legends of Fuzz Mary-K Fuzz Price $179

JHS Legends of Fuzz Mary-K Fuzz Kay Musical Instruments was founded by Henry “Kay” Kuhrmeyer...
Latin Percussion LP249 Cuban Style Guiro with Scraper Natural

Latin Percussion LP249 Cuban Style Guiro with Scraper Natural

LP Cuban Style Guiro (LP249) - Product Information The LP Cuban Style Guiro is true...
Evans EMAD2 Bass Drum Clear Batter Drumhead 20 inch

Evans EMAD2 Bass Drum Clear Batter Drumhead 20 inch

Evans EMAD2 Bass Drum Clear Batter Drumhead 20 inch Evans™ EMAD™2 series features two plies...
Fender BEN GIBBARD MUSTANG® Electric Guitar

Fender BEN GIBBARD MUSTANG® Electric Guitar

Since the late 1990s, Ben Gibbard has been a prominent voice in indie rock as...
Electro-Harmonix Freeze Pedal

Electro-Harmonix Freeze Pedal

Freeze Capture a frozen moment and turn it into a tonally unique sonic foundation. The...
Pro-Mark TX2BN Hickory 2B Nylon Tip Drumsticks Drum Sticks ProMark Price $13.99

Pro-Mark TX2BN Hickory 2B Nylon Tip Drumsticks Drum Sticks ProMark Price $13.99

Pro-Mark TX2BN Hickory 2B Nylon Tip Drumsticks Drum Sticks The ProMark Classic Forward 2B drumstick...
Stagg Keyboard Bag 39″x16″x6″ 10mm Padding K10-099

Stagg Keyboard Bag 39″x16″x6″ 10mm Padding K10-099

Standard black nylon bag for keyboard - Dimensions: 99 x 42,5 x 16 cm (39...
Mako Traditional TB-2 Electric Guitar 1980s Black Price $219.99

Mako Traditional TB-2 Electric Guitar 1980s Black Price $219.99

Mako Traditional TB-2 This Vintage Mako Traditional TB-2 is in good playing condition. It has...
Ovation Celebrity Standard Plus CS24X-7C Mid Depth Price $575

Ovation Celebrity Standard Plus CS24X-7C Mid Depth Price $575

Ovation Celebrity Standard Plus CS24X-7C Mid Depth This B-stock Ovation Celebrity Standard Plus has some...
Fender Player Series Stratocaster Neck – Maple Fingerboard 0994502921

Fender Player Series Stratocaster Neck – Maple Fingerboard 0994502921

The Player Series Stratocaster Neck is the perfect quality replacement neck for your Squier or...
Zildjian 16″ K Custom Special Dry Crash Cymbal – Traditional Price $334.95 SALE Price$251.21

Zildjian 16″ K Custom Special Dry Crash Cymbal – Traditional Price $334.95 SALE Price$251.21

Zildjian 16" K Custom Special Dry Crash Cymbal - Traditional This cymbal is from an...
Kala KA-EMTU-C w/ Bag

Kala KA-EMTU-C w/ Bag

Very clean ukulele, minty as ever. Comes with original gig bag. Make an offer!
On-Stage Fixed Snare Cajon with bag WFC3200

On-Stage Fixed Snare Cajon with bag WFC3200

All wood construction Adjustable snare wire Four rubber feet prevent slippage Dimensions: (w)11¾" x (h)18-7/8"...
Rode Microphones Complete Studio Kit w/ NT1 Mic , AI-1 Interface

Rode Microphones Complete Studio Kit w/ NT1 Mic , AI-1 Interface

  This complete studio kit has everything you need to turn your computer into a...
Tama Iron Cobra Single Bass Pedal HP200p

Tama Iron Cobra Single Bass Pedal HP200p

The Iron Cobra 200 series was developed using the same design principles as the Iron...
Gretsch G5700 Electromatic® Lap Steel – Broadway Jade Price $499.99

Gretsch G5700 Electromatic® Lap Steel – Broadway Jade Price $499.99

Gretsch G5700 Electromatic® Lap Steel - Broadway Jade The Gretsch® G5700 Electromatic® Lap Steel produces...
Clear Voice Vocal Spray vocal throat spray

Clear Voice Vocal Spray vocal throat spray

Clear Voice Vocal Spray vocal throat spray For singers and speakers. If you depend on...
Jackson Dinky JS11 Electric Guitar Black 2910121503

Jackson Dinky JS11 Electric Guitar Black 2910121503

Tricked out with all-black hardware, and available in a variety of finishes, this Jackson is...
Yamaha PSR-E373 61-Key Keyboard with AC Adapter Price $219.99 PSRE373

Yamaha PSR-E373 61-Key Keyboard with AC Adapter Price $219.99 PSRE373

Yamaha PSR-E373 61-Key Keyboard with AC Adapter PSRE373 The PSR-E373 from Yamaha is an ideal...

Music Lessons

Victor Litz Music offers private music lessons in-store and online virtual All Instruments—All Styles --All Levels. We also offer the Victor Litz Music Academy of Rock group rock band program for students and adults.

vlmc

Instrument Repairs

Repairs available on guitars and most string instruments, band and orchestral instruments, percussion and more.

Victor Litz

BUY-SELL-TRADE-CONSIGN

Victor Litz Music is famous DISCOUNT PRICES, special purchases, bargains. We offer all the top name brands.

CASH PAID used and vintage musical instruments and equipment. We also take trade- ins and consignments.

Family owned and operated business since 1961

 

When you choose to do business with us, be assured that we are here for you.  Victor Litz Music is proud to be a family owned and operated business! After more than 60 years 2nd and 3rd generations of Litz family members are on staff.  We have been at this for our entire lives.  Your business means more to us than you can imagine. 

We support our community in every way we can.   Victor Litz Music has donated thousands over the years to local schools, charities, fundraisers and more.  

Thank you for your continued support. 

Send Us a Message

Let us know how we can help you find a specific item in our online store. We are more than happy to assist you with anything you might need.

11-7 Mon. to Fri.

10-6 Saturday

12-5 Sunday

We may offer extended hours on special events as needed